diff --git a/R/challengeR.R b/R/challengeR.R
index fb5ed9b..7f161d1 100644
--- a/R/challengeR.R
+++ b/R/challengeR.R
@@ -1,102 +1,104 @@
 #' Title
 #'
 #' @param object
 #' @param value
 #' @param algorithm
 #' @param case
 #' @param taskName Optional for single-task data set that does not contain a task column.
 #' @param by The name of the column that contains the task identifiers. Required for multi-task data set.
 #' @param annotator
 #' @param smallBetter
 #' @param na.treat
 #' @param check
 #'
 #' @return
 #' @export
 #'
 #' @examples
 as.challenge=function(object,
                       value,
                       algorithm ,
                       case=NULL,
                       taskName=NULL,
                       by=NULL,
                       annotator=NULL,
                       smallBetter=FALSE,
                       na.treat=NULL, # optional
                       check=TRUE) {
 
   object=as.data.frame(object[,c(value, algorithm, case, by, annotator)])
 
   # sanity checks
   if (check) {
 
     if (!is.null(by) && !is.null(taskName)) {
       warning("Argument 'taskName' is ignored for multi-task data set.")
     }
 
     # Add task column for data set without task column by using the specified task name.
     if (is.null(by) && !is.null(taskName)) {
       taskName <- trimws(taskName)
 
       if (taskName == "") {
         stop("Argument 'taskName' is empty.")
       }
 
       object <- cbind(task=taskName, object)
       by = "task"
     }
 
     # Add task column for data set without task column by using a dummy task name.
     if (is.null(by) && is.null(taskName)) {
       object <- cbind(task="dummyTask", object)
       by = "task"
     }
 
     object=splitby(object,by=by)
     object=lapply(object,droplevels)
     for (task in names(object)) {
-      missingData=object[[task]] %>%
-        expand(!!as.symbol(algorithm),
-               !!as.symbol(case))%>%
-        anti_join(object[[task]],
-                  by=c( algorithm,case))
-      if (nrow(missingData)>0) {
-        message("Performance of not all algorithms is observed for all cases in task '",
-                task,
-                "'. Inserted as missings in following cases:")
-        print(as.data.frame(missingData))
-        object[[task]]=as.data.frame(object[[task]] %>%
-                                       complete(!!as.symbol(algorithm),
-                                                !!as.symbol(case)))
-      }
-      else {
-        all1=apply(table(object[[task]][[algorithm]],
-                         object[[task]][[case]]),
-                   2,
-                   function(x) all(x==1))
-        if (!all(all1)) stop ("Case(s) (",
-                              paste(names(which(all1!=1)),
-                                    collapse=", "),
-                              ") appear(s) more than once for the same algorithm in task '",
-                              task, "'.")
-      }
+      # check for missing cases
+        missingData=object[[task]] %>%
+          expand(!!as.symbol(algorithm),
+                 !!as.symbol(case))%>%
+          anti_join(object[[task]],
+                    by=c( algorithm,case))
+        if (nrow(missingData)>0) {
+          message("Performance of not all algorithms is observed for all cases in task '",
+                  task,
+                  "'. Inserted as missings in following cases:")
+          print(as.data.frame(missingData))
+          object[[task]]=as.data.frame(object[[task]] %>%
+                                         complete(!!as.symbol(algorithm),
+                                                  !!as.symbol(case)))
+        }
+      # check duplicate cases
+         all1=apply(table(object[[task]][[algorithm]],
+                           object[[task]][[case]]),
+                     2,
+                     function(x) all(x==1))
+          if (!all(all1)) stop ("Case(s) (",
+                                paste(names(which(all1!=1)),
+                                      collapse=", "),
+                                ") appear(s) more than once for the same algorithm in task '",
+                                task, 
+                                "'. Please revise.")
+    #  }
 
       if (!is.null(na.treat)) {
         if (is.numeric(na.treat)) object[[task]][,value][is.na(object[[task]][,value])]=na.treat
         else if (is.function(na.treat)) object[[task]][,value][is.na(object[[task]][,value])]=na.treat(object[[task]][,value][is.na(object[[task]][,value])])
         else if (na.treat=="na.rm") object[[task]]=object[[task]][!is.na(object[[task]][,value]),]
       }
     }
   }
 
   attr(object,"algorithm")=algorithm
   attr(object,"value")=value
   attr(object,"case")=case
   attr(object,"annotator")=annotator
   attr(object,"by")=by
   attr(object,"largeBetter")=!smallBetter
   attr(object,"check")=check
   class(object)=c("challenge", class(object))
   object
 }