Following codelines in ImageVtkMapper2D skip alot of useless computations, in case of there is no intersection of the image with the world geometry. However this also breaks 3D Rendering of the Geometry2DDataVtkMapper3D, because he has no valid resliced image from the 2D mapper. The must be an equivalent in the 3D mapper of the planes.

// early out if there is no intersection of the current rendering geometry
// and the geometry of the image that is to be rendered.
if ( !RenderingGeometryIntersectsImage( worldGeometry, input->GetSlicedGeometry() ) )
{
  localStorage->m_Mapper->SetInput( localStorage->m_EmptyPolyData );
  return;
}

Commenting this lines fixes this problem.